axial load level as a percentage of buckling load

huangyhg

axial load level as a percentage of buckling load?
dear forum members,
i would like to know the level of axial load of a column (or beam) in a concrete or steel frame at service conditions as a percentage of buckling load.(1%, 10%, 50% or what?) any body has an idea?
pls help. thanks very much.
luke
euler buckling direct calculations for a specific case are straight forward, for steel. here is a link to use as a guide