pipe bollards

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pipe bollards
how do i determine the lateral force capacity of a concrete-filled pipe bollard, a section of which is buried in the ground?
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two parts...
1.  structural capacity of the pipe/concrete section assuming fixity in the ground.
2.  given the depth of embedment, determine the soil's lateral resistance to loading from the bollard.
the smaller of the two will prevail.
ron is correct if you want to bollard to survive the impact, but typically bollards are installed to prevent accidental collision with something the bollard is protecting.  typically bollards are not designed to survive the impact of a vehicle of some kind.  they act as a sacrificial stops to warn the vehicle operator that he/she hit something and to stop the vehicle's motion.
typcially when a bollard is hit with sufficient force, the entire bollard tends to rotate and not bend if not designed as ron suggests.  to resist that kind of force, you would need excessive embedment in a concrete shaft.
you have to decide on your design criteria, whether to design as a freestanding cantilevered element capable of resisting an impact force; or to design as a sacrificial element.
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