what is working stress design

huangyhg

what is "working stress design"
i am aware of asd and lrfd, but what is meant by wsd?
also, does anyone have any references online that can help guide me through the effects of temperature on open steel structures? thanks.
when we refer to reinforced concrete design we say working stress design (wsd). when we refer to steel we say allowable stress design (asd). we here are like me 2 to 3 decades b4 we did schooling and studied those method of design with ultimate strength or lrfd methods as new and hi-tech about to come in.
unfactored loads.
mike mccann
mmc engineering
msquared48 is correct, it is based upon unfactored loads.
more than that though, working stress design is based upon elastic analysis of the cracked section versus plastic design using modern aci (whitney diagram).
the stress diagram is basically looks like this:
|<----/ maximum compression stress tapers to zero @ n.a.
|<---/
|<--/
|<-/
|</
|<
- neutral axis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|----> point tension force @ reinf
it deals with uncracked section also